February, 2003
© 2000, 2001, 2003 Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D.
In fixed sample testing (no interim analyses), frequentist inference is most
often obtained using test statistics that are normally
distributed.
Hence, the sampling density must be numerically integrated
to find some operating characteristics.
Due to properties of the normal distribution, it is
feasible to table a standardized form.
The frequentist estimates, confidence intervals,
and P values are then derived from the normal sampling distribution.