February, 2003
© 2000, 2001
Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D.
Parameterization
of boundary shape function includes many previously described
approaches
Wang & Tsiatis
Boundary Shape Functions:
·A* = 0, R*
= 0, P* >
0
·P* measures early conservatism
-P* = 0.5
Pocock (1977)
-P* = 1.0
O’Brien-Fleming (1979)
·(P* = ¥ precludes early stopping)