February, 2003
© 2000, 2001 Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D.
Example: O’Brien-Fleming boundaries
on fixed sample P value scale
Null: Theta
<= 0 (size = 0.025)
Alt : Theta >= 0.5
(power = 0.975)
(Emerson & Fleming (1989) symmetric test)
STOPPING BOUNDARIES: Fixed Sample P-value scale
a d
Time 1 (N= 64.21) 0.9774 0.0000
Time 2 (N=
128.41) 0.5000 0.0023
Time 3 (N=
192.62) 0.1237 0.0104
Time 4 (N=
256.83) 0.0226 0.0226