February, 2003
© 2000, 2001 Scott S. Emerson, M.D., Ph.D.
Example: Constrained O’Brien-Fleming
boundaries on fixed sample P value scale
Null: Theta
<= 0 (size = 0.025)
Alt : Theta >= 0.5
(power = 0.975)
(Emerson & Fleming (1989) symmetric test)
STOPPING BOUNDARIES: Fixed Sample P-value scale
a d
Time 1 (N= 64.31) 0.9773 0.0005
Time 2 (N=
128.61) 0.4989 0.0023
Time 3 (N=
192.92) 0.1231 0.0102
Time 4 (N=
257.23) 0.0224 0.0224